All over the world people used to fight with sword, spears and other weapons. When they had no weapons at hand, they boxed or wrestled. These techniques of fighting were almost the same all over the world until the invention of guns. The use of guns for fighting completely changed the way wars were fought.
The Portuguese imported guns into Japan in 1543. The Japanese quickly started to make guns for themselves. Around 1590 guns were being used for fighting in wars and were proving to be more efficient than traditional weapons. The use of guns was still limited because of limited fabrication.
About 1600 Japan was dominated by the Tokugawa clan who succeeded in creating a system of domination by samurai. In order to stabilize their dominance, the production and use of guns was prohibited along with communication with the outside world. This gave an opportunity to develop fighting methods without the use of guns for approximately 250 years whilst, in Europe, guns were developed as the main weapon of fighting.